Acrylonitrile is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is flammable. Its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. It is easy to cause burning when exposed to open flames and high heat, and emit toxic gases. Reacts violently with oxidants, strong acids, strong bases, amines and bromine.
Chemical properties
Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. It is easy to cause burning when exposed to open flames and high heat, and emit toxic gases. Reacts violently with oxidants, strong acids, strong bases, amines and bromine. Under the high temperature of the fire site, polymerization exotherm can occur, causing the container to rupture.
Application area
Acrylonitrile is an important monomer for synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber and synthetic resins. Polyacrylonitrile fiber made from acrylonitrile, namely acrylic fiber, has properties very similar to wool, so it is also called synthetic wool. The copolymerization of acrylonitrile and butadiene can produce nitrile rubber, which has good oil resistance, cold resistance, abrasion resistance, and electrical insulation properties, and its performance is relatively stable under most chemical solvents, sunlight and heat. Acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene are copolymerized to prepare ABS resin, which has the advantages of light weight, cold resistance, and good impact resistance. Acrylonitrile hydrolysis can produce acrylamide and acrylic acid and its esters. They are important organic chemical raw materials. Acrylonitrile can also be electrolytically hydrogenated and coupled to produce adiponitrile, and hexamethylene diamine can be produced by hydrogenation of adiponitrile, which is a raw material for nylon 66. It can be used in the manufacture of water repellents and adhesives, etc., and is also used in other organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industries, and used as a cereal fumigant. In addition, this product is also an aprotic polar solvent, used as a raw material for PAC142, an oilfield mud additive.
Acrylonitrile is an important monomer for synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber and synthetic resins, as well as an intermediate for the insecticide dimethanil.
Nature and stability
1. Chemical properties: It is active in chemical properties and can undergo double bond addition reactions, reacting with corresponding inorganic or organic compounds containing active hydrogen to produce a series of cyanoethylation products. It is easy to polymerize in the absence of oxygen or exposed to visible light, and it can polymerize strongly in the presence of concentrated alkali. It reacts violently with reducing agent and emits toxic gas. The mixture of steam and air can easily form an explosive mixture, which reacts strongly with oxidants, and will cause combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames and high heat. It is easy to polymerize when exposed to light, heat, and long-term storage, and there is a danger of combustion and explosion.
2. This product is extremely toxic, and its toxicity to warm-blooded animals is about 1/30 of that of hydrogen cyanide. Acrylonitrile is not only poisonous in vapor, but also susceptible to skin poisoning when attached to the skin. Intravenous injection of LD50 to mice is 15mg/kg, and LD50 to rats is 93mg/kg. Long-term inhalation of dilute acrylonitrile vapor can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue and discomfort. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 45mg/m3. The production equipment should be airtight, and protective gear should be worn during operation. If acrylonitrile is splashed on clothes, take off clothes immediately, and rinse with plenty of water when splashing on the skin. If splashed into eyes, rinse with running water for more than 15 minutes. If swallowed accidentally, gastric lavage with warm saline. In case of poisoning, sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite should be given intravenously immediately and consult a doctor for treatment.
